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"Employees"
research Vol. 4, No. 1 (2026) • pp. 47-63

The glass ceiling experiences and professional challenges of female employees in travel agencies: A qualitative study in Düzce province

Women’s participation in the workforce has increased in various sectors both globally and in Turkey following the Industrial Revolution. However, despite this increase, women remain underrepresented in senior management positions. This situation points to the existence of invisible barriers that limit women’s career advancement and is explained in the literature by the concept of the “glass ceiling.” The purpose of this study is to examine the phenomenon of the glass ceiling that women face in their professional lives, the validity of this phenomenon under current conditions, and the difficulties women encounter in their participation in the workforce, specifically within the context of the tourism sector. In the literature, glass ceiling barriers are generally addressed in three dimensions: individual, organizational, and societal. Individual barriers are associated with women’s self-confidence, career perceptions, and professional attitudes; organizational barriers are linked to internal organizational practices, promotion processes, and discriminatory approaches; and societal barriers are related to traditional gender roles and expectations regarding work-life balance. The tourism sector is one of the areas where female employees’ experiences with the glass ceiling have become more visible due to long working hours, a fast-paced work environment, a seasonal employment structure, and working conditions that require emotional labor. Accordingly, this study was conducted within a qualitative research framework to examine the professional experiences of women working at Group A travel agencies in Düzce Province and to identify the barriers they face in their career development. Data for the study were collected through semi-structured interviews with three female participants and analyzed using content analysis. The study found that individual, organizational, and societal barriers affect women’s career development to varying degrees; recommendations were developed to strengthen women’s employment in the tourism sector and support their career development processes.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21378221
research Vol. 4, No. 1 (2026) • pp. 34-46

Food allergy knowledge, attitudes, and practices among employees of food and beverage establishments: Evidence from Şanlıurfa

This study aims to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral levels of personnel working in food and beverage establishments in Şanlıurfa province regarding food allergies. Food allergies are among the important issues in the food and beverage sector in terms of consumer health, food safety, and service quality. The prevalence of eating and drinking out, especially in tourist destinations, makes the awareness and preparedness level of employees in this area even more crucial. A quantitative research method was adopted in the study, and data were collected between September 15 and September 30, 2024, using a face-to-face survey technique. A total of 409 questionnaires were obtained; after removing incomplete and erroneous forms, analyses were performed on 352 valid questionnaires. The research findings revealed that participants' knowledge and attitudes regarding food allergies were at a moderate level, and they exhibited a moderate level of risk in terms of behavior. The results indicate that personnel working in food and beverage establishments are not adequately prepared regarding food allergies and that more systematic training practices are needed in this area. The study makes significant contributions to improving safe service delivery in food and beverage establishments, increasing employee awareness, and strengthening food safety practices at the destination level.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21312101
Research Papers Vol. 2, No. 2 (2024) • pp. 43-58

The role of perfectionism in enhancing job performance in İzmir destination hotels

Perfectionism is the behavior of people who set goals that are difficult to achieve in order to be perfect, to reach perfection and to exhibit high performance. Job performance, on the other hand, is the behavior of employees in a business in accordance with the purpose of the business while fulfilling their duties. Hotel businesses are labor-intensive businesses and the human element is of great importance. Job performance is affected by factors such as personality traits and behaviors of employees. Therefore, it is thought that perfectionism, which is known as a personality trait, may affect the job performance levels of employees. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between perfectionism perceptions of hotel employees and their job performance. In obtaining the research data, a questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Convenience sampling method was used in the study and the population of the study consists of employees working in four and five star hotels in Izmir. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs. According to the results of the analysis, there is a significant relationship between perfectionism perception and job performance. In addition, it was concluded that perfectionism perception has a positive effect on job performance. According to this result, positive developments in employees' perceptions of perfectionism will positively affect their job performance levels.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14499170