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"Guide"
research Vol. 4, No. 1 (2026) • pp. 18-33

Tourists' negative destination behaviours: A systematic review and conceptual framework of destination rejection, avoidance and boycott

Hakan BENEK

Despite decades of scholarship on destination choice, satisfaction, and loyalty, the question of why tourists deliberately refuse, avoid, or boycott destinations has remained conceptually fragmented. Multiple overlapping constructs  (destination rejection, avoidance, boycott, repulsion, and non-visitation intention) circulate in the literature without consistent definitional boundaries. This paper does not claim to establish a new independent research domain; rather, it performs an integrative conceptual clarification: a typological refinement that specifies the distinct psychological mechanisms, antecedent structures, and management implications of each form of negative destination behaviour. Drawing on a systematic review and conceptual synthesis of 29 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2026, conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines (Page et al., 2021), the paper identifies four thematically and mechanistically distinct clusters: (1) active destination rejection, (2) protective/risk-based avoidance, (3) moral/political boycott, and (4) negative image-based passive non-selection. Two theoretically primary mechanisms are designated: Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) for risk-based avoidance, and Social Identity Theory (SIT) for boycott and identity-based rejection. Six additional theoretical frameworks serve as complementary rather than co-equal explanatory resources. Two exploratory effect-size syntheses are reported in Appendix C as illustrative material  ( not as meta-analytic claims ) noting that full pooling was not feasible due to limited effect-size comparability across studies. The most important practical implication is type-specificity: the management response to moral/political boycott must be fundamentally different from the response to risk-based avoidance or passive non-selection. Implications for DMOs and an eight-priority future research agenda are provided.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20744602
Research Papers Vol. 3, No. 2 (2025) • pp. 39-51

Determining the professional self-esteem levels of tourism guide students

Seda Çiçekli Ayyıldız, Hande Akyurt Kurnaz

This study aims to examine the levels of professional self-esteem among students enrolled in a tourism guiding program and to determine whether these levels differ according to selected demographic and educational variables. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 198 undergraduate students studying tourism guiding at a public university during the 2024-2025 academic year. Professional self-esteem was measured using an adapted version of the Professional Self-Esteem Scale, and the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. The results indicate that students generally exhibit moderate to high levels of professional self-esteem. Significant differences were observed in certain dimensions of professional self-esteem with respect to gender and class level. Furthermore, prior knowledge about the profession and voluntarily choosing the program were found to be significant determinants of students' sense of professional belonging. These findings suggest that professional self-esteem among tourism guiding students is shaped not only by individual characteristics but also by educational experiences and informed career choices. The study contributes to the limited empirical literature on professional self-esteem in tourism education and provides insights for strengthening professional identity development in tourism guiding programs. 

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18096641
Research Papers Vol. 3, No. 2 (2026) • pp. 87-99

Haute Cuisine, Cultural Capital, and Tourist Destination Image: A Qualitative Study from Türkiye

Osman Özer

This study approaches haute cuisine and fine dining not only as an area of gastronomic development but also as a strategic tool for the image building, international positioning, and competitive differentiation of tourist destinations. The primary objective of the research is to examine the role of the fine dining ecosystem in Turkey on destination image from a multi-stakeholder perspective and to reveal its contributions to the destination marketing and management literature. The research was designed within the qualitative research paradigm using a phenomenological approach; data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. A total of 19 participants, selected through purposive sampling, consisted of Michelin-starred chefs, fine dining restaurant owners, young generation chefs, gastronomy academics, gastronomy writers, consumers who regularly experience fine dining, and international gastrotourists. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research findings show that fine dining experiences enhance the perceived prestige, cultural sophistication, and experiential value of destinations. Fine dining stands out as a symbolic tool that highlights the dimensions of exclusivity and quality in destination image, especially for tourist segments with high spending potential. It was determined that international guides such as the Michelin Guide play an important role in increasing the global visibility of Turkey's fine dining scene; however, this visibility has not yet been transformed into a comprehensive and sustainable strategy in the context of destination marketing and management. In conclusion, the study reveals that fine dining is not only a gastronomic value for Turkey but also a strategic asset in terms of destination image and international competitiveness; it offers important theoretical and practical insights in the context of destination management, gastronomic diplomacy, and brand positioning.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18118050
Theoretical paper Vol. 3, No. 1 (2025) • pp. 17-23

Digital revitalization of cultural and historical experiences in the Van Lake Basin with augmented reality: A conceptual approach

Ali Bozbey, Ali İnanır

Augmented reality (AR) applications can support tourism through the reconstruction of historical structures in their original forms, interactive tour guides, and digital information systems. The aim of this study is to explore how the cultural and historical heritage of the  Van Lake Basin can be digitized using AR technology and how a more interactive experience can be offered to visitors. Creating a conceptual framework in this research was conducted by reviewing the literature and considering the resources available in the region evaluates the impacts and feasibility of augmented reality in the regional tourism sector. The findings reveal that implementing AR applications at historical and touristic sites in the Van Lake Basin can contribute both to the local economy and to the region's potential to become a sustainable tourism destination. However, it has also been observed that certain infrastructure and technical requirements must be met in order to effectively implement such applications. It is anticipated that this study will increase academic interest in the region within the context of augmented reality and provide guidance for local authorities and the tourism sector, making AR applications a more attractive option.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17100614
Research Papers Vol. 1, No. 1 (2023) • pp. 1-14

Is there an intergenerational difference in the perception of tourist guide service quality?

Dilan Arabacıoğlu

The perceived service quality offered by tourist guides is regarded as a significant determinant in travelers' overall satisfaction with their tour experience. The objective of this study is to ascertain the variations in the opinion of service quality among tourists from different generations with regards to tourist guides. The qualitative research method of interview technique was employed within the parameters of this study. The data for this study were obtained from a sample of 30 participants who engaged in guided tours. These individuals belonged to the X, Y, and Z generations, and their responses were gathered through semi-structured interviews.  The study's demographic comprises travelers belonging to Generations X, Y, and Z who have actively engaged in guided tour experiences. The study employed stratified purposive sampling as its sampling technique. The data were subjected to analysis using the MAXQDA 2022 software. Based on the findings of the investigation, it was determined that there exist variations in the perception of tourist guide services across different generations.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8416415
Review Paper Vol. 1, No. 1 (2023) • pp. 41-51

Rize from the perspective of convention tourism: Review and evaluation

Melis Angın, Eren Erkılıç

Rize is a city in the Black Sea region and has an important tourism potential with its natural beauties and history. It is thought that convention tourism can offer an effective solution to further increase this potential and to maintain tourism activities consistently throughout the year. This study aims to increase the attractiveness of the destination by evaluating the potential of Rize in the field of Convention tourism. In the first stage, the current situation of Rize was examined in detail by content analysis method, and based on the data obtained, city-specific deficiencies and improvement areas were identified. This research is a guide that aims to reveal Rize's potential for growth and development in the field of Convention tourism.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10466382